Several states are challenging the latest truck emissions rules set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB). The EPA’s Phase 3 rule aims to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from heavy-duty vehicles starting with model year 2027, requiring a transition to zero-emission trucks. Similarly, CARB’s regulations mandate that all new medium- and heavy-duty vehicles sold in California be zero-emission by 2036.

Opponents argue these regulations are too stringent and could harm the trucking industry. They express concerns about the readiness of charging infrastructure and the financial impact on truck manufacturers and operators. For example, the infrastructure required to support battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) is seen as inadequate, with long lead times for setting up necessary charging stations. Manufacturers also worry about the economic feasibility and the potential need for pre-buying vehicles before the new rules take effect to avoid higher costs associated with zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs)​ (Truck News)​ .

Proponents of the rules, however, emphasize their necessity for achieving environmental and public health benefits by reducing harmful emissions and combating climate change​ (Truck News)​. The debate highlights the broader conflict between environmental goals and economic impacts, a challenge that continues to shape policy discussions around vehicle emissions standards in the United States.